PlanetLagu situs download lagu MP3 dan video 3GP MP4 gratis di Indonesia, menambah koleksi musik, vidio, lirik lagu, & berita tentang musik terbaru setiap hari. FLAC 3 D – Science topic. Explore the latest articles, projects “Have a look at the PhD thesis of Jeffery Oke from Queen's University in Kingston Ontario, Canada (you should be able to download it for free). Tutorial in Section 4.2. Finally, the philosophy of modeling in the field of geomechanics is examined in Section 3.10; the novice modeler in this field may wish to consult this section first. The methodology of modeling in geomechanics can be significantly different from that in other engineering fields, such as structural engineering. It is important to keep this in mind when performing an y geomechanics analysis. * Problem solving for coupled mechanical-groundwater analysis is discussed in Section 1 in. The mod eli ng of geo -en gin eer ing pro cess es in vo lve s spe cia l con sid erat ion s and a desi gn phi los oph y dif fere nt from tha t fol lo wed for des ign wit h fab ric ate d mat eri als. Ana lys es and des ign s for stru ctu res and excavations in or on rocks and soils must be achieved with relatively little site-specific data and an awareness that deformability and strength properties may vary considerably. It is impossible to obtain complete field data at a rock or soil sit e. For example, information on stresses, properties and discontinuities can only be partially known, at best. Sin ce the inp ut dat a nec essa ry for desi gn pre dic tio ns are lim ite d, a num eri cal mod el in geo mec han ics should be used primarily to understand the dominant mechanisms affecting the behavior of the system. Once the behavio r of the system is understood, it is then approp riate to devel op simple calculations for a design process. This approach is oriented toward geotechnical engineering, in which there is invariably a lack of good data. But, in other appl icati ons, it may be possibl e to use. Applications will be for situations in which little data is available, this section discusses the recommended approach for treating a numerical model as if it were a laboratory test. The model should never be considered as a “black box” that accepts data input at one end and produces a prediction of behavior at the other. The numerical “sample” must be prepared caref ully, and several samples tested, to gain an understanding of the problem. Lists the steps recommended to perform a successful numerical experiment; each step is discussed separately. The lev el of detail to be included in a model often depen ds on the purpose of the analysis. For examp le, if the objecti ve is to decide betwe en two conflict ing mechanism s that are propose d to explain the behavior of a system, then a crude model may be constructed, provided that it allows the mechanisms to occur. It is tempting to include complexity in a model just because it exists in reality. Howev er, complicating features should be omitted if they are likely to have little influence on the response of the model, or if they are irrelevant to the model’s purpose. Start with a global view and add refinement as (and if) necessary. It is important to have a conceptual picture of the problem to provide an initial estimate of the expected behavior under the imposed conditions. Several questions should be asked when prepar- ing this pi cture. For exam ple, is it antici pated tha t the system co uld becom e unstabl e? Is the predom inant mecha nical respons e linear or nonlin ear? Are movem ents expect ed to be large or small in comparison with the sizes of objects within the problem region? Are there well-defined dis con tin uit ies tha t may af fec t the beh avi or, or doe s the mat eri al beh av e ess ent ial ly as a con tin uum? Is there an influence from groundwater interaction? Is the system bounded by physical structures, or do its boundaries extend to infinity? Is there any geometric symmetry in the physical structure of the system? These considerations will dictate the gross characteristics of the numerical model, such as the design of the model geometry, the types of material models, the boundar y conditions and the initial equil ibrium stat e for the analysi s. They will dete rmine wheth er a three-d imens ional model is required, or a two-dimensional model can be used to take advantage of geometric conditions in the physical system. 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Март 2019
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